I wrote recently about the attributes of a 10x software engineer and a 20x one. Consequently, I received a few comments suggesting I create a similar list for engineering managers. I checked online and found a few articles, but none conveyed a full list in my mind. If you consider that software development efficiency has become the No. 1 priority for executives, ranking higher than access to engineering talent or capital, then I guess that’s a topic worth discussing! Engineering managers just might have the biggest impact on the productivity of their engineering teams.
I’ll first go over the attributes for a good engineering manager, and then list what makes a great one.
The 10 Attributes of a Good Engineering Manager
I tried to prioritize this list, from essential to bonus. Feel free to give me your opinion on this in the comments.
- Be trusting
If you refer to what destroys developer productivity most, trust is at the heart of it. Managers need to trust their team and give them some space. Micromanaging means undermining the team’s skills and ability to get things done, and therefore their motivation and self-confidence (which, by the way, they need to address difficult problems). Trust between the managers and their teams should be the foundation of their relationship. And it’s the manager’s role and job to create it, not the other way around. So first, trust your team.
- Emotional intelligence and ability to establish trust
This is linked to the first point. You need mutual trust within a team for it to work well. And again, it’s the manager’s job to ensure that their team trusts them. How does the manager do this? By showing emotional intelligence.
Engineering managers must be sure to make themselves available for questions, even if they’d rather not be interrupted. This can run counter to high efficiency, but it’s important that managers spend the time to form personal connections, so honest and open conversations happen naturally within the team and with the manager.
Another important point is to listen to anyone and everyone. When the team gets together for a meeting to sort out a project they plan to do, everyone in the room needs to be heard and considered. The manager needs to respect any experience or insight their team can bring to the table. Any member of the team may be the most knowledgeable on a particular subject.
Now, this is not Disneyland for sure: Managers might need to be tough and unwavering sometimes. But when that’s the case, it’s important to be transparent about the reasons to keep the hard-earned trust intact.
- Ability to shield the team from interruptions
Interruptions and meetings (consider them planned interruptions) are greatly loathed by developers, and for good reason. They literally destroy their productivity. Developers love projects that move fast; they’re invigorating! Managers would do them a great service by removing distractions, ensuring that they have large chunks of uninterrupted “maker time.”
A classic example is a really long email exchange on some technical topic with no resolution. The manager could simply put everyone on the thread in one room together for 10 minutes to get the issue resolved promptly.
- Ability to manage the team’s motivation
The team’s motivation is directly linked to their output and the success of their releases. There are many ways to keep the motivation high. Here are just a few:
- Help the team see their work through the lens of their impact on the company.
- Don’t worry too much about failure. Things will always fail: builds, deploys, schedules missed, etc. If things fail, take responsibility and focus on the learning. The point is not to have to fix the same issue twice. This will give your team a mindset toward action and growth.
- Celebrate every achievement, whatever its size. And credit the participants profusely.
- Be transparent. Default to overcommunicating. While some leaders believe they need to shield their teams from things going on at the executive level to prevent distraction, there’s a difference between productive shielding and unintentionally denying engineers important company context. Managers want their teams to feel included and invested in the direction of the company.
- Strong work ethic and cohesion with company culture
Work ethic means being exemplary in all the ways you expect your team to behave. Lead by example. Managers must embrace the company culture, or it will create confusion sending team members mixed signals of whether or not they should embrace the company’s culture.
This also means shielding your team from people who don’t act accordingly. For instance, hiring someone with a huge list of qualifications and experience can still be a disaster if they have a different set of values than those held by the company. Or, unfortunately, having to let people go who are not team players or aligned with the company and team culture, whatever their skill level.
Good managers keep in mind that the team’s productivity as a group is important, not individual performance.
- Advocate for change to seek positive evolution in a constant manner
Good managers install a mindset of positive evolution within the team. They adopt a state of mind that continuously seeks to improve a certain situation. When a process is slow or cumbersome, they try to turn that around and make it better. One way todo this is using OODA loops: Observe, Orient, Decide, Act.
- Ability to work with departments outside of engineering
The language used by non-technical stakeholders might be very different than that of the development team. However, good managers don’t want to be the Single point of contact, as they would introduce a potential liability into the project—a strong dependency on them. They tend to include their team in relevant discussions, but make sure they protect the team members from continuous interruptions. Good managers try to be the First point of contact, which is a big difference from being the single point of contact.
- Mentoring abilities
Effective managers are measured by the effectiveness of their software teams. Anything that they can do to make each person on their team better makes their overall teams exponentially better. And most of the mentoring is actually about matchmaking team members with high-impact projects that align with their interests, the value they want to create and how they want to grow. That’s when motivation becomes organic.
There are already so many articles on one-on-one meetings, I won’t spend much time on them. But mentoring also happens every day at every occasion. For instance, if a manager happens to review code or explain certain conventions, they make sure to clearly explain the reasoning why the team is doing something in a particular manner. Good managers are great teachers.
- Technical literacy and problem-solving skills
On the one hand, technically competent managers will have a superior handle on the work that they are managing, and will therefore be better able to make recommendations and evaluate necessary trade-offs. On the other hand, technically talented managers are often better able to garner respect from their teams. Non-technical managers may struggle to manage high-performing individual contributors, who tend to have a tough time taking orders from managers who don’t fully understand their craft.
But, if you don’t have any engineering background, it doesn’t mean you cannot be a good—or even a great—manager. I would advise you to learn about the technical dimension of the project (with humility) through every interaction you have with your team, and possibly in your off hours. Having enough technical experience to understand the projects and the decisions, mixed with the ability to trust others with technical depth, works really well.
- Ability to make hard decisions and manage conflicts
Good engineering managers will make the courageous decision, even if it isn’t popular. They don’t make the wrong decision just because it is socially right and their team suggests it. Good engineering managers focus on the road and the values they believe in, and not only on the immediate issues they are facing. They don’t just choose best industry practices because they will attract the “right” talent. For instance, managers will avoid automatically using the latest technologies: they will weigh the pros and cons and make the best choices based on the resources and requirements of their team and company.
How Can You Become a Great Engineering Manager?
- Embody the vision
Great managers have a natural ability to visualize the future of the company and motivate others to work toward those lofty yet realistic goals. They communicate the company vision at every opportunity by illustrating it contextually in discussions. They challenge the decisions made with, “What if we had 20x more users? Would that be sustainable?” or, “Will this technology decision still be valid in 24 or 36 months?”
- Support your team in the short and long term
At the end of the day, as a technical manager, your job is mostly about humans. Great managers think about supporting their team in two ways: day to day and year to year.
Great managers help their people devise a long-term plan to be happy and productive at their company. Sometimes, engineers don’t know how to articulate how they want to evolve. This is not an issue, as great managers have built strong relationships and trust with their team members to help them uncover this part and build a plan for:
- the skills to improve.
- the technical/non-technical experiences they want to have.
- how they want to increase the scope of their impact at the company.
And, naturally, the great managers will help their people to achieve their ambitions (within or maybe even outside the company).
- Challenge the team to grow faster
Great managers try to super-charge learning within their team. They know to push their people out of their comfort zone and challenge them to accomplish things they didn’t even know they could do. But in doing so, they set up strong guardrails to help their team course-correct along the way.
For instance, one way for engineers to increase their impact is to architect and own increasingly complex technical problems requiring novel solutions. Great managers will throw their people into the deep end of the pool, with the right mentorship and guardrails, and have them start solving increasingly complex problems immediately. They will also try to maintain a balance between more experienced and less experienced engineers, having them work together and regularly share knowledge. They want to build in opportunities to make sure these conversations are truly bi-directional.
Another instance is estimates. Do you know this law?
Hofstadter’s Law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter’s Law.
Estimating is hard. When you do it more often, you will get better at it … but you will still get it wrong from time to time. Challenging your team to make estimates is a way to get them used to getting out of their comfort zone.
- Embrace the differences
Diversity is invaluable. All people are different and live different lives. This is incredibly valuable, because your users will also be different. Surround yourself with passionate people of different backgrounds. By background, I don’t only mean gender or race, but also education and past experiences. The more people in the team think differently, the more approaches your team will consider when addressing a problem, which results in better decisions. A great manager understands this and will strive to get input on the same problems from a variety of people with different backgrounds.
- Level up the product and engineering partnership
Great engineering managers know to extract the essence from the user story; they focus first on the core capabilities, providing valuable input and challenging the product as early as possible. They never blame the product on complex features, or make the excuse that some things were not explained in the first place or changed 10 times. They never complain about the lack of visibility on the ideation process. They build such visibility themselves. They challenge the product team with several alternatives for the same idea. They know to explain pros and cons without deep diving into tech level and buzzwords. They help the product team make better decisions and educate them about the technical layers of features.
- Know themselves and educate others about themselves
Great engineering managers have made the effort to understand how they themselves work, behave, think and make decisions. Being transparent with their team about these things, builds more trustful and productive relationships. They work on visibility and commitment for their own goals and tasks in front of their team members.
- Push their team for ownership as much as possible
Great engineering managers tend to give more ownership of user stories to their developers. Transferring ownership to developers gives them more motivation to do a great job. Great engineering managers don’t try to own all of the responsibilities or give them all to a few select individuals (tech leads).
Great managers know when to give input, when to make decisions, and when to step back and allow the team to take more ownership. They promote a culture of accountability, where they trust each team member to do his or her job and never insist on full visibility into what their team is doing.
- Understand the system’s bigger limitations
Great managers understand the inefficiencies within the processes and organizations, as well as their own limitations. They share their thoughts to upper management to help the organization grow (and not only their team).
This concludes my list of the attributes of good to great engineering managers. If you think of any I’ve overlooked or have any ideas or suggestions to add, I would love to hear your thoughts! Please leave your comments and opinions below!
— John Lafleur
