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  • New Relic Delivers on AI Promise to Automate IT Operations

    New Relic Delivers on AI Promise to Automate IT Operations

    New Relic at a FutureStack 2017 conference unveiled an instance of its monitoring tools that employs machine learning technologies and other forms of artificial intelligence (AI) to provide advice on how to optimize an IT environment.

    Nadya Duke Boone, director of product management for New Relic, says New Relic Applied Intelligence (NRAI) will be made available as part of the company’s Digital Intelligence Platform. In addition, New Relic is making available three dedicated NRAI capabilities in the form of Radar, NRQL Baseline Alerting and New Relic APM Error Profiles services. These services are designed to help IT operations teams spot abnormal behavior across billions of pieces of data and predict where problems may arise. The services ultimately will surface prescriptive recommendations for problems before they occur.

    The goal, says Duke Boone, is to leverage New Relic’s software-as-a-service (SaaS) approach to IT monitoring tools democratize access to AI technologies. That’s possible, she says, because of the massive amount of data New Relic collects. That data is then fed into machine learning algorithms to detect patterns indicative of a variety of potential issues.

    Duke Boone says that intelligence is then delivered as a personalized Radar news feed that is similar to a social media news feed. That news alert might, for example, might inform an IT administrator that, based on characteristics of their IT environment, an issue is likely to arise. IT operations teams also have the option to integrate that Radar news feed with a collaboration platform such as Slack to alert the rest of the IT operations team to a potential issue.

    NRQL Baseline Alerting allows IT operations team to set thresholds for specific applications that when exceeded will generate an alert. New Relic APM Error Profiles allows IT administrators to launch queries against NRAI to detect potential issues that might arise from outlier applications in the IT environment, adds Duke Boone.

    New Relic doesn’t see AI replacing IT operations teams as much as augmenting them, Duke Boone notes. Most organizations can’t hire enough IT staff to manage their IT environment. As those IT environments become more complex, it’s becoming clear that IT professionals will need to leverage AI technologies to keep all the applications they deployed running optimally, she says.

    New Relic has been investing extensively in AI ever since it previewed these capabilities in the form of a Project Seymour initiative it revealed last year. Now the company and its rivals are locked in an arms race to develop and implement machine learning algorithms that should enable IT operations teams to manage applications at unprecedented levels of scale.

    In some quarters AI is viewed as an existential threat to the IT operations teams. In reality, AI will be used to automatically resolve low-level issues that collectively conspire to rob IT organizations of the time they need to focus on new innovative ideas that add value to the business. In fact, assuming many of those issues will be soon disappear it’s conceivable that all the drudgery associated with managing IT today made soon just fade away.

    — Mike Vizard

  • New Relic Tracing Software Pinpoints Source of IT Issues

    New Relic Tracing Software Pinpoints Source of IT Issues

    At a FutureStack 2017 conference this week, New Relic previewed an implementation of distributed tracing software that has the potential to close the war rooms where IT operations assign blame for application failure.

    New Relic CEO Lew Cirne says a Distributed Tracing capability that New Relic previewed this week will enable developers or IT operations teams to pinpoint the precise source of any given performance issue. Rather than wasting hours on root cause analysis, Cirne says DevOps teams will now be armed with dashboard they can navigate to visually inspect what elements of a distributed computing environment are specifically affecting their applications.

    Based on the open-source Open Tracing software being advanced by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF), Cirne says New Relic opted to embrace an open initiative that should lead to more actionable intelligence being derived from the data New Relic collects.

    At this juncture, Cirne contends that deploying an application in production that has not been instrumented borders on the criminal. He concedes, however, the preponderance of applications deployed in production environments today are not instrumented largely because the total cost of instrumenting legacy applications has been cost-prohibitive. But as IT monitoring software becomes less expensive to invoke using agents that communicate back to a software-as-a-service (SaaS) application, most new applications being deployed in the cloud are now being instrumented.

    To help further that goal, New Relic this week also announced support for .Net Core 2.0 framework recently made available on Microsoft Azure and added support for six additional Amazon Web Services (AWS) services. New Relic now supports a total of 25 AWS services.

    At the conference Cirne also showed how IT organizations can now invoke New Relic application programming interfaces (APIs) to spin up a dashboard to track specific events associated with, for example, the rollout of a new application.

    Access to the data New Relic surfaces, notes Cirne, in turn helps fuel adoption of DevOps because organizations gain confidence in their ability to more rapidly build and deploy applications. That confidence will only increase as IT organizations avail themselves of artificial intelligence (AI) software in the form of machine learning and, soon, deep learning algorithms to make more reliable decisions based on patterns in their IT environments. New Relic, he adds, is able to fuel those algorithms because the service collects 1.5 billion metrics and events every minute. That said, humans will still be required to manage the overall IT environment.

    Cirne maintains that the best way to collect all that data is to employ agents, noting New Relic is adopting those agents to make them lightweight enough to even deploy on microservices based on containers.

    New Relic naturally is not the only provider of IT monitoring tools investing heavily in advanced algorithms. In the not-too-distant future, it’s probable that algorithms deployed by different vendors will share insights with one another. In the meantime, IT administrators can take some comfort in the fact that it should soon become easier to manage IT at scale.

    — Mike Vizard

  • VMware Unveils IT Automation Tools Suite

    VMware Unveils IT Automation Tools Suite

    VMware over the last two years has been making steady advances in automating the management of IT. At the VMworld Europe 2017 conference VMware unveiled a vRealize Suite 2017 offering that combines the latest releases of vRealize Operations, vRealize Automation, vRealize Business for Cloud and vRealize Log Insight software into a single offering designed to optimize lifecycle management across a software-defined data center (SDDC).

    Mahesh Kumar, senior director of product marketing for cloud management at VMware, says the driving force behind the development of vRealize Suite 2017 is to enable the automation of IT operations in support of an IT organization’s larger DevOps strategy.

    The elements of VMware vRealize have been upgraded as follows:

    • vRealize Operations 6.6 adds tools to help organizations analyze workload placement decisions to automate the balancing of workloads across clusters and data stores. It includes a predictive distributed resource scheduler (pDRS) and native VMware vSAN management and monitoring capabilities.
    • vRealize Automation 7.3 adds support for Admiral 1.1, the lightweight container management portal that VMware previously announced. Virtual Container Host instances generated by VMware vSphere Integrated Containers, Docker hosts, and for Docker volumes can employ vRealize Automation to create and attach volumes to containers. It also delivers increased support for VMware NSX network virtualization software.
    • vRealize Business for Cloud 7.3 is now being exposed as a tab in vRealize Operations 6.6 to better drive cost efficiencies by making operational and cost metrics readily available. It also delivers improved insights into the costs of Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure public clouds alongside VMware-based private clouds.
    • vRealize Log Insight 4.5 now provides integration with vRealize Operations to provide root-cause analysis of logs and metrics.

    Resistance to IT automation continues to decline. Many IT operations professionals naturally are concerned that IT automation will lead to unemployment. But managing IT operations at the present level of scale required simply can’t be accomplished using manual processes. In addition, developers are voting with their code to employ public clouds that have already been automated. IT teams who want to make a case of continuing to deploy application workloads in a local data center need to be able to provide a cloud-like experience, which can be accomplished only by employing automation. Kumar notes that VMware is trying to arm IT administrators with the analytics required to make a financial case for continuing to deploy applications on instances of VMware running on-premises or in a public cloud.

    Most IT organizations today are focused on automating disparate deployments of IT infrastructure and software. While that represents an advance over manual processes, many of those same organizations now are wrestling with various islands of automation. VMware is trying to unify automation across all the compute, storage and networking technologies it delivers to fashion an SDDC that enables IT organizations to be more agile. Longer term, however, IT organizations that employ stacks of software other than VMware will need to find a way to automate DevOps across heterogeneous IT environments.

    — Mike Vizard

  • CloudBees Applies Analytics to DevOps

    CloudBees Applies Analytics to DevOps

    At the heart of many DevOps initiatives is an automation server based on open-source Jenkins software developed by CloudBees. At the recent Jenkins World 2017 conference, CloudBees showed that Jenkins is now becoming the foundational element through which DevOps teams can now manage a continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) process end to end.

    New additions to the portfolio include CloudBees DevOptics, an analytics application to aggregate data from software development pipelines as it moves through a Jenkins server. CloudBees CTO Kohsuke Kawaguchi says once organizations are armed with those insights they will be able to, for example, identify potential bottlenecks in their software development processes. CloudBees DevOptics creates a single point of reference on the status of any application delivery project, all the way down to individual commits, says Kawaguchi.

    CloudBees also launched CloudBees Jenkins Advisor, a free plug-in for a Jenkins environment that Kawaguchi says provides another watchful eye capable of continuously analyzing a Jenkins environment using algorithms the company developed. Cloudbess Jenkins Advisor comprises a knowledge base and diagnostic tools that can be employed to detect and resolve issues ranging from simple configuration issues to security and other forms of best practices.

    Finally, the company revamped the user interface provided with CloudBees Jenkins Enterprise, an implementation of Jenkins that comes pre-configured with built-in security and integrations with more than 1,400 DevOps tools. It also announced that a few select managed services providers are now building a practice around Cloudbees Jenkins Enterprise.

    CloudBees reports there are now more than 150,000 active installations of Jenkins worldwide that span a user community of more than a million. Those numbers represent a 50 percent growth rate from January of 2015.

    Most organizations employ DevOps processes to accelerate development of software. But along the way it’s not uncommon for many organizations to lose control over those processes as the amount of software being developed begins to overwhelm their management teams. CloudBees clearly sees providing tools to optimize DevOps processes based on Jenkins as its next big opportunity.

    In general, DevOps is much more of a journey than an event. But rather than being a simple article of faith, analytics can be used to show all the participants in a process that progress is in fact being made. Otherwise, resistance to increasing the number of application development projects being undertaken at the same time starts to mount. Whatever the reason for gathering those metrics, however, that old “Things Measured Are Things Done” maxim continues to apply. Those metrics also help IT organizations justify the return on investment in DevOps to senior managers.

    Of course, managing DevOps processes at scale is as much a cultural challenge as it is a technical issue. When many organizations first embrace DevOps there’s a lot of initial enthusiasm. But the further down the DevOps maturity curve an organization gets, the more they encounter various hurdles. Metrics collected and analyzed by the tools provided by CloudBees help organizations determine to what degree those hurdles are related to simple technical glitches versus organizational issues that are almost always a lot harder to resolve.

    — Mike Vizard

  • Quest Software Extends DevOps Reach to MySQL Databases

    Quest Software Extends DevOps Reach to MySQL Databases

    Thanks mainly to the rise of DevOps, the number of open-source database deployments in the enterprise has risen sharply in the last two years. The driving force behind those deployments has been developers that have shown a marked preference for downloading an open-source database instead of requesting access to a commercial database from a database administrator (DBA) working in an IT department. As more of those applications get deployed, however, either the developer or a DBA still needs to find a way to manage those open-source databases.

    To address that issue, Quest Software is now making available its Toad Edge tools for managing databases available for IT organizations that have deployed MySQL databases. Greg Davoll, executive director of product management and marketing, says Quest Software already supports open-source Postgres databases and will be adding support for other open-source databases.

    In a lot of instances Davoll says the same DBA that is being tasked with managing IBM DB2 or Oracle databases is being tasked to manage MySQL databases. Most of them are already familiar with Toad database tools that are already widely used by internal IT organizations. Davoll says Quest Software is well aware there are a variety of open-source tools available for managing open-source databases. But Davoli says most of those offerings are not nearly as rich in terms of features as Toad database management tools that have been continually enhanced now for the better part of a decade.

    For example, Toad Edge can be used to identify and manage schema differences and initiate changes in real time. Toad Edge can also be used to explore and edit JSON data as well as keeping all the scripts being employed to manage databases up to date.

    Davoll notes that Toad Edge has also been integrated with Jenkins Continuous Integration server to allow databases to better facilitate continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) processes.

    Most DBAs have come to terms with the fact they are being required to support multiple databases. They don’t always appreciate the extra work that involves. But as the number of applications deployed across the enterprise dramatically increases, the cost of employing commercial databases to support them all would be prohibitively expensive. Developers often download an open-source database on their own because they don’t want to spend time participating in an extended procurement process involving salespeople and purchasing managers.

    Developers don’t always appreciate what’s required to keep the databases their applications up and running. Many of them initially believed they would be able to eliminate the need for a DBA altogether. But developers soon discover how much time is required to do routine database maintenance. DBAs may not always get the respect they deserve. But as most developers have come to appreciate, it’s difficult to have a truly integrated DevOps process that doesn’t include at the very least someone willing to manage those tasks.

    — Mike Vizard

  • NodeSource, AppDynamics Ally for Node.js DevOps

    NodeSource, AppDynamics Ally for Node.js DevOps

    The prevalence of Node.js as the most widely deployed instance of JavaScript is putting a lot of pressure on DevOps teams to find ways to automate the management of Node.js applications. To provide the visibility needed to achieve that goal, NodeSource has announced it has integrated its N|Solid development environment with the application monitoring tools developed by AppDynamics.

    Pravin Halady, product manager for NodeSource, says one of the things that differentiates N|Solid, which is based on Node.js, most is the amount of telemetry data NodeSource is able to collect from Node.js applications. The alliance with AppDynamics provides a mechanism for DevOps teams to now tap into that data to better manage those applications alongside the panoply of existing applications they need to support and manage, says Halady.

    AppDynamics already supports Node.js. But Halady says the alliance with NodeSource provides deeper visibility into, for example, asynchronous activity. Advanced metrics can be used to augment the basic Node.js metrics that AppDynamics currently provides to better ensure service level agreements (SLAs) are both achieved and maintained, Halady says.

    Adoption of Node,js exploded across the enterprise once it became feasible several years ago to deploy JavaScript code on both the client and the server. That capability in many ways fulfilled the early promise of Java in the eyes of many developers. But DevOps teams have been slow to include support for JavaScript applications within their DevOps processes, mainly because of a lack of visibility. Now that the base of Node.js applications in the enterprise has reached a level of critical mass, tools vendors such as AppDynamics are looking to provide that visibility by expanding the scope of support they provide for Node.js.

    Halady says NodeSource chose to partner with AppDynamics in part because in the wake of AppDynamics being acquired by Cisco Systems, it’s clear that NodeSource needs to participate in the end-to-end visibility platforms that larger companies are starting to build. Cisco has already made significant investments in a Cisco Tetration analytics application in addition to committing to imbuing the IT infrastructure environment it provides with machine-learning algorithms. That data will then be combined with data about applications collected by AppDynamics to identify the source of any potential performance issue faster. NodeSource, adds Halady, will look to foster similar agreement with other providers of application monitoring tools.

    In the meantime, DevOps team can take heart in the fact the Node.js Foundation is making providing visibility into DevOps environments a higher priority. The number of Node.js applications in the enterprise is only expected to increase. There’s a high correlation between usage of Node.js and containers that collectively are being used to facilitate the development of microservices. As those microservices bgin to replace monolithic applications developed originally developed in languages such as Java, the size and scope of the DevOps challenge exponentially increases.

    Application development in the enterprise is going to be polyglot well into the next decade. Today there are more programming languages being actively used in the enterprise than any time in history. In fact, the days when IT operations could mandate what technologies developers can employ are long over.

    — Mike Vizard

  • VMware Cloud on AWS Will Bring DevOps Issues to a Head

    VMware Cloud on AWS Will Bring DevOps Issues to a Head

    Now that instances of VMware are starting to become available on Amazon Web Services (AWS), a DevOps ecosystem is starting to emerge around the management of applications workloads moving into and out of AWS.

    Among the more than 4,500 applications that VMware claims already support VMware Cloud on AWS are those from Blue Medora, CA Technologies, Chef, Cloudbees, Dynatrace, Jfrog, Puppet, SaltStack and the Ansible arm of Red Hat.

    VMware CEO Pat Gelsinger told attendees at the recent VMworld 2017 conference that VMware and AWS are just now scratching the surface of what they plan to accomplish together. AWS CEO Andy Jassy added that, unlike other alliances, which consisted mainly of marketing, engineers at both companies are working closely together to deliver VMware globally across all AWS availability zones. At present, VMware Cloud on AWS is available in the AWS availability zone hosted in Portland, Oregon. The service soon will be extended to the east coast of the United States, followed by rest of the world over the course of 2018.

    The availability of VMware Cloud on AWS should force several DevOps issues within enterprise IT organizations that have deployed the VMware stack of software mainly on-premises. Many of those organizations have also been employing public clouds such as AWS. But because those environments are based on different hypervisors, it was never easy to migrate workloads between the two platforms. There are plenty of options for running VMware software in the cloud, but because AWS is the largest provider of public cloud services, there are many customers who want to seamlessly move workloads between their on-premises IT environments and AWS via a common stack of VMware software.

    In many organizations the desire to shift applications workloads into AWS will bring many DevOps issues to a head, as VMware and AWS use has occurred in independently of each other. There could be many workloads running on each platform, but for all intents and purposes, IT organizations have managed both platforms in isolation. Now that VMware is becoming available on AWS, all the challenges associated with moving workloads between a public and private cloud come to the fore.

    Most of those DevOps issues will be focused first on moving some classes of workloads running on VMware into AWS. Application workloads that don’t need to run constantly will be among the primary candidates followed by a slew of data protection applications that will enable IT organizations to back up and archive massive amounts of data inexpensively. Next up will be applications that need to be distributed globally to increase availability.

    At the same time, a lot of VMware shops will be moving application development into the cloud. But just because an application is developed in the cloud doesn’t mean it will stay there. Many IT organizations have already discovered that when it comes to long-running applications, the total cost of deploying them on-premises is less than deploying them on a public cloud. The DevOps tasks ahead, of course, will start with figuring out which VMware-based applications make the best candidates from a financial and availability perspective to be deployed on AWS.

    — Mike Vizard

  • VMware Aims to Advance Application Security

    VMware Aims to Advance Application Security

    Most of the tasks associated with maintaining IT security assume that IT security professionals should discover and neutralize all potential threats to an application. At the VMworld 2017 conference this week, VMware is seeking to turn that notion of IT security on its head by focusing the efforts of IT security professionals on the known good.

    Tom Corn, senior vice president for security products at ware, says instead of chasing all the potential bad things that could adversely impact an application, VMware App Defense employs machine-learning algorithms and data VMware collects from its management console and the host on which the applications are running to determine what elements make up an application workload. Those elements are compared to the manifest that was created when the workload was first deployed and, if they have been altered, VMware App Defense will invoke a preloaded library of incident response routines to enforce policy using VMware network virtualization software. Data collected from the host by VMware App Defense is done by inserting code into the kernel rather than deploying agent software.

    Corn says VMware App Defense uniquely provides DevSecOps teams with access to reliable telemetry into the guest operating system environments running on top of VMware. IBM will feed the telemetry data gathered by VMware App Defense into its portfolio of security analytics software, and eventually that data will be fed into the IBM Watson cognitive computing platform to generate application security recommendations. Other vendors pledging support for VMware App Defense include VMware sister companies RSA and SecureWorks, as well as Carbon Black and Puppet.

    Longer term, Corn says VMware expects to also be able to apply this capability to any production environment attached to a VMware NSX virtual network overlay.

    As potentially compelling as VMware App Defense might be, Corn notes that IT organizations should not attempt to boil the IT security ocean. Rather, they should concentrate on new applications currently under development. Otherwise, managing security policies across hundreds of applications made up on thousands of microservices and communicating over microsegmented network overlays might be too complex to manage.

    VMware has been making a case for some time now to employ NSX to take advantage of microsegmentation to limit the flow of east-west traffic in a data center. The idea is that if one node gets compromised by malware, it can only share that malware with nodes participating on the same microsegment of virtual network. VMware is now expanding on that idea in a way that also provides more visibility all the way up the application stack.

    Priced at $500 per CPU per year, VMware App Defense will induce more IT security professionals to recommend deploying its stack over any other available option, VMware hopes. The degree to which IT operations teams and cybersecurity professionals can influence developers in that direction remains to be seen. But VMware App Defense does fulfill its promise, it’s more than likely developers will appreciate the not having to spend as much time defending existing applications instead of writing new ones.

    — Mike Vizard

  • VMware Ties Desktop Virtualization to DevOps Productivity

    VMware Ties Desktop Virtualization to DevOps Productivity

    It’s no secret that when it comes to building applications, many developers prefer to use the Apple Macintosh. However, that preference can create multiple DevOps challenges. VMware is moving to reduce the friction with the release of VMware Fusion Pro 10, a desktop virtualization offering for Apple Macs that now supports REST application programming interfaces (APIs) to more easily programmatically invoke virtual machines on Macs.

    In addition, VMware has significantly improved support for graphical processors units (GPUs) and 3D graphics within VMware Fusion Pro 10 that are now more commonly being invoked by developers.

    At the same time, VMware is also updating VMware Workstation 14 and Workstation Player, which adds support for Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 along with updated Linux support for Fedora 26 and Ubuntu 17.04 guest operating systems to the desktop virtualization software. Workstation Player is a subset of VMware Workstation 14 that IT organizations can employ to limit the size of a virtual machine running on a local workstation.

    Other new capabilities include support for Microsoft’s Virtualization Based Security (VBS) features of Windows 10 Enterprise and Windows Server 2016 guests, enhanced virtual networking and new support and controls for working with vSphere and the vCenter Server Appliance software.

    Michael Roy, product line marketing manager for VMware Fusion, says more organizations are making GPUs available to developers as part of an effort to build more robust applications. Support for GPUs make it easier for developers to build compute-intensive applications for multiple operating system environments within the context of a DevOps environment managed by an IT organization, he notes.

    Other new capabilities include a revamped user interface and support for the Apple Touch Bar to simplify moving between native applications and virtual machine environments, including applications hosted on the VMware PhotonOS distribution of Linux optimized for hosting container applications.

    In this release of Fusion Pro, VMware is also adding support for Microsoft’s VBS features—which include Credential Guard for Windows 10 virtual machines, unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI) Secure Boot and a virtual Trusted Platform Module—in the same way it supports them on VMware Workstation 14.

    Finally, VMware is providing access to enhanced networking controls to enable management of network address translation (NAT) rules, network packet loss and latency simulation and renaming of VM networks.

    The updates were announced ahead of VMware’s VMWorld annual conference, being held Aug. 27-31 in Las Vegas.

    Developers typically require more access to more IT environments than almost any other employee, so maximizing the number of operating systems that can be deployed on their systems is in the best financial interests of the organization. Even when an organization can afford multiple machines most developers don’t want to have to move files between physical machines. Desktop virtualization software provides a means to not only increase productivity but also reduce the amount of machine overhead associated with developing applications across multiple operating environments.

    — Mike Vizard

  • Puppet Makes Development Kit Available to Advance DevOps

    Puppet Makes Development Kit Available to Advance DevOps

    Organizations that embrace DevOps often find themselves moving from having a paucity of IT automation tools to an embarrassment of riches in short order. As a result, many of the teams involved in those DevOps processes wind up making different IT automation choices. Before too long, the organization finds itself trying to bridge too many islands of automation.

    Puppet is working to bridge the automation gap between developers and IT operations teams with the release of a Puppet Development Kit that makes it easier for anyone to generate code that can be executed using the Puppet IT automation framework.

    Michael Olson, senior product marketing manager for Puppet, says all too often developers automate various tasks using their own favorite tool. When it comes time for IT operations teams that have standardized on Puppet to deploy that code, they have to rewrite various routines. Puppet Development Kit makes it possible for developers to now write code that can be shared seamlessly with IT operations teams that have adopted the Puppet IT automation framework.

    In some environments, DevOps has literally become too much of a good thing. Olson says the Puppet Development Kit represents an opportunity to truly unify fragmented processes in a way that developers can easily consume. The Puppet Development Kit includes unit test modules from Windows, OS X and Linux workstations to ensure that Puppet code is creating and managing configuration resources as intended.

    The existence of the Puppet Development Kit should also make it easier for organizations that have not embraced DevOps to get started. A recent survey conducted by Puppet finds that organizations that have embraced DevOps are delivering new applications and updates at rates that far exceed other organizations. The longer it takes for organizations to embrace DevOps the wider that gap grows. By making it easier to include developers in more structured approach to DevOps, many companies that are getting started late with DevOps now have an opportunity to close that gap.

    Developers don’t always have a lot of respect for IT operations. Many of them have been throwing code over the proverbial data center wall because deploying code in a production environment was always someone else’s problem. Tools such as the Puppet Development Kit essentially steal a page from the same playbook Tom Sawyer used in the book by Mark Twain to get the kids in the neighborhood to help him paint a picket fence.

    At the other end of the spectrum, however, are developers who are firmly convinced they can program the IT operations team out of existence now that “infrastructure is code.” In reality, most of those developers quickly discover that the ongoing care and feeding of hundreds of applications deployed in a production environment still requires a fair amount of human intervention. In fact, without some form of IT automation framework in place, deploying applications at that level of scale would not be possible. The challenge is striking the right balance between what can be automated and higher-level tasks that still require human expertise.

    — Mike Vizard