Author: Mike Vizard

  • Despite Downturn, Enterprise IT Budgets Remain Intact

    Despite Downturn, Enterprise IT Budgets Remain Intact

    A survey of 137 IT operations leaders at companies in the U.S with at least 500 employees and an annual IT budget in excess of $5 million finds a surprising amount of resiliency at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Conducted April 1 by OpsRamp, a provider of IT operations tools, the survey finds more than half of the survey respondents (58%) said they expect to either significantly or moderately increase their annual technology budgets, while 38% plan to either significantly or moderately reduce their technology spending.

    The survey also finds 73% of respondents expect to either accelerate or maintain digital transformation initiatives and projects.

    Bhanu Singh, senior vice president of engineering and DevOps for OpsRamp, said that at least for now among larger enterprises, digital business initiatives are being accelerated as organizations recraft their business continuity plans. With most customers and employees working from home, the need for applications that digitize business processes has become more critical, especially since no one knows for sure when the COVID-19 pandemic might subside or whether there will be another one, he said.

    Many of those projects will rely on cloud-native technologies that make it easier for organizations to scale IT resources up and down, added Singh, noting organizations are quickly discovering that monolithic applications even when they are deployed on a public cloud are not as flexible as they now require.

    Specifically, the survey finds IT leaders are investing heavily in AIOps (69%), information security and compliance (62%), self-service platforms (60%), cloud-native observability (51%), network performance monitoring and diagnostics (51%), big data analytics (46%) and cloud infrastructure (45%).

    IT leaders are also planning to drive technology vendor consolidation (59%) to reduce costs and rely more on third-party managed service providers (58%).

    In terms of hiring, IT financial analysts (68%), cloud architects (53%), DevOps engineers (50%) and data scientists (47%) top the list of priorities.

    Of course, as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy becomes more apparent it is too early to say what the impact on IT budgets will be. Industry analysts Gartner and International Data Corp. (IDC) are forecasting a relatively small decline in IT spending of about 5% for the year once the economy begins to recover in the second half. However, it’s clear that certain vertical industry segments, such as travel and hospitality, might have a much longer way to go than, say, healthcare companies.

    In addition, it’s likely that much smaller companies than those surveyed by OpsRamp may find it more challenging to restart operations after being forced to lay most of their employees in some cases.

    Whatever the timing, the one probable thing is many of the IT trends that were just beginning to gain traction are likely to see accelerated adoption once the economy recovers. There will be a natural tendency to limit the adoption of new platforms and processes in the short term. However, now that it’s clear existing platforms and processes are not especially flexible it’s only a matter of time now before most of them one way or will be replaced or at the very least completely modernized.

  • Self-Service Portal From env0 Reins in Public Cloud Costs

    A platform that provides IT teams with a self-service portal through which they can both control access to and the cost of cloud resource consumption is now available in beta for free from env0.

    Company CEO Ohad Maislish said that while many organizations have implemented self-service portals to control who can access resources on public clouds such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), it’s apparent more workloads will be heading into the cloud in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic to make organizations more resilient. As a result, there’s now a lot more sensitivity to cloud costs.

    Rather than relying on estimations or manual tagging, Maislish said env0 allows IT teams automatically tag infrastructure in a way that ties cloud resources to a predetermined budget using an engine designed for that purpose. All too often, organizations wind up spending a lot more on public cloud resources than planned simply because there is no way to track spending in real-time, he noted.

    In addition, it is common for organizations to find themselves being billed for “phantom workloads” that are created when developers forget to de-provision virtual machines, for example. The env0 platform provides automatic shutdown and time-to-live (TTL) options to eliminate that issue, said Maislish.

    Env0 is fresh off raising $3.3 million in funding. The env0 platform, expected to be generally available in the fall, also makes available policy controls for managing passwords, keys and tokens along with role-based access controls.

    Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a tendency for organizations to not pay a lot of attention to cloud costs. Achieving faster rates of building and deploying applications was considered a much higher priority. Most organizations will continue to put a premium on delivering applications faster. However, achieving that goal will be weighted more carefully against the total cost, especially as finance teams start issuing stricter cost mandates. In many organizations, the unfettered access to cloud resources that developers once enjoyed is likely to be more constrained.

    Of course, env0 is not the only platform promising to help organizations rein in cloud costs. However, it has combined access and financial controls in a way many organizations have been unable to achieve. In fact, the biggest challenge when it comes to containing cloud costs may very well turn out to be the will to enforce controls on developers who previously had a wide amount of latitude.

    It’s difficult to assess right now at what rate applications will be moving into the cloud. Many organizations may decide to lift and shift monolithic applications into the cloud as the first step toward making their IT environments more resilient. Others may accelerate the rate at which they are building and deploying new applications as once nascent digital business initiatives are transformed into business continuity strategies. Whatever the motivation, the days when many developers could spin up a virtual machine in a public cloud almost at will are most likely coming to an end.

  • Pulumi Tightens DevOps Platform Integration

    Pulumi Tightens DevOps Platform Integration

    Pulumi today released the 2.0 release of its open source platform for automating the provisioning of IT infrastructure in the cloud, providing tighter integration with a dozen different continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) platforms and source code management (SCM) systems. Via the latest update Pulumi also now includes CI/CD Apps, through which pull requests will trigger Pulumi previews and updates.

    In addition, Pulumi has added tools to preview changes, while making it easier to share architectural patterns, libraries and best practices.

    Finally, Pulumi 2.0 adds additional tools to enforce policies, simplify testing and manage secrets.

    Pulumi is designed to enable developers to provision cloud infrastructure using familiar programming tools such as Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, Go and .NET/C#. That approach eliminates the need to master YAML files or other proprietary languages and templates.

    Pulumi CEO Joe Duffy said the goal is to accelerate the rate at which management of IT is shifting left toward developers by providing them with the “superpowers” need to manage cloud infrastructure. Thus far, Pulumi claims to have more than 10,000 users of its tools.

    In the wake of the economic downturn brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is expected the rate at which control over IT has been shifting left will accelerate. As part of an effort to either contain or eliminate headcount, many organizations will reduce their reliance on IT operations staff by giving developers more direct control over IT infrastructure.

    At the same time, however, Duffy noted that many IT operations personnel are finding it relatively simple to master Python, which they can then use to leverage Pulumi to automate the provisioning of large amounts of cloud infrastructure to become more efficient. Some organizations may prefer to retain IT operations staff that have learned how to program.

    It remains to be seen to what degree tighter integration with CI/CD platforms might encourage developers to take more control over IT infrastructure. Support for the CI/CD platforms supported by Pulumi—Jenkins, Spinnaker and GitHub—will make it easier for developers to achieve that goal. Less clear is the degree to which developers want to take control over infrastructure. Regardless, many of them may soon have little choice in the matter.

    Of course, Pulumi is not the only framework via which the provisioning of cloud infrastructure can be automated. It does, however, make it easier for developers to provision infrastructure without having to spend time learning the nuances of another set of programming tools. Even in organizations that do shrink the size of their IT staffs, there will still be pressure on developers to deliver more code faster. The amount of time developers may want to allocate to managing IT infrastructure is likely to be limited at best.

    Whatever the path forward, many organizations will soon discover they can’t afford to wait any longer for their internal IT cultures to embrace best automation and DevOps practices. Economic pressure to optimize constrained IT resources are likely to become intense. No one may know for certain how long the downturn may last, but it is already apparent many organizations will be trying to do a lot more with less in the days ahead.

  • DevOps Deeper Dive: Git Turns 15

    DevOps Deeper Dive: Git Turns 15

    Git, the version control system that arguably has enabled many DevOps advances over the last decade, is turning 15 this month. Git was developed by Linus Torvalds, best known for his contributions to Linux, and was so-named after he and the rest of the Linux community referred to it as “that stupid content tracker.” The term “Git” is British slang for “contemptible person.”

    Today, Git is now arguably one of the most important and successful open source projects ever launched. For the past 15 years, the Git project has been led by Junio Hamano, a software engineer who today works for Google.

    Git gained traction among developers because it provides support for rapid branching and merging of code in a way that also enables visualizing and navigating a non-linear development history. While even as far back as 2005 that was not a new idea, Git has emerged as the de facto standard for version control.

    “Git is an essential part of everything we do,” said Pratik Wadher, a vice president at Intuit, which has made extensive use of the version control system within the context of multiple DevOps initiatives over the last half-dozen years. “It’s the single source of truth.”

    As the de facto standard, Git has been the driving force behind what is now a multi-billion segment of the IT industry. In fact, with more individual developer and organizations contributing to Git than ever, the pace of innovation remains surprisingly strong 15 years into the open source project.

    GitLab, GitHub, Microsoft and Google, for example, contributed a partial clone capability, available as an experiment via GitHub and GitLab, that makes it easier to work with large files. Instead of having to clone every file in a Git repository, it soon will become possible to more efficiently set up clones of repositories regardless of the size of the files in that repository.

    That capability not only will prove critical to teams of developers working across multiple geographic regions but also will enable DevOps teams to employ Git to develop, for example, gaming applications that require DevOps teams to routinely work with large files, said Brendan O’Leary, senior developer evangelist for GitLab.

    “It will enable new use cases,” said O’Leary.

    The steady flow of innovations over the past 15 years has kept the base of organizations that rely on Git coming back for more. “The interesting thing about Git is that it has had real staying power,” said Kelly Stirman, vice president of product strategy and marketing for GitHub.

    In terms of industry standards, Git can take its place alongside SQL and Linux in terms of impact, noted Stirman.

    That staying power has even surprised some of the most ardent proponents of DevOps. “It’s been quite a journey,” said Ido Green, vice president of technology for JFrog, noting no one really knew 15 years ago just how big an impact the repository would have on software development.

    Today, most organizations are employing Git because development teams don’t know any other way to manage source code.

    “Git is now the default way to manage source code,” said François Dechery, chief strategy officer for CloudBees. “Ten years ago that was not the case.”

    Where Git will be 10 years from now is, of course, anyone’s guess. But with the rise of various forms of artificial intelligence (AI) and the eventual embrace of best DevSecOps practices, it’s clear there are still many innovations to come that will revolve around a Git repository in some way.

  • AWS Adds GUI to Snow Edge Computing Family

    AWS Adds GUI to Snow Edge Computing Family

    Amazon Web Services (AWS) this week announced it has added a graphical user interface (GUI) tool dubbed AWS OpsHub for Snow Family to provide an alternative to the command-line interface (CLI) tool it makes available to manage its family of Snow appliances deployed in on-premises environments.

    At the same time, AWS announced it is making available additional Snowball storage appliances that are 25% faster than previous generations thanks to additional memory, support for more virtual CPUs and 100GB networking.

    Finally, AWS is also making it possible to control access to Snow appliance via AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) and the ability to automate tasks using AWS Systems Manager.

    Bill Vass, vice president of technology for AWS, said organizations can now build storage clusters that are now as large as 1.4PB using Snow appliances.

    AWS originally rolled out Snow appliances to provide an easier way to upload massive amounts of the data to a public cloud. Once an organization loads data on to an appliance, it is physically shipped to AWS. Once there, AWS personnel transfer that data on to the AWS cloud.

    However, with the rise of edge computing, AWS is now also employing Snowball appliances to drive hybrid applications in internet of things (IoT) and other environments. AWS now makes available a Greengrass framework for building hybrid cloud applications. The Snow appliance family provides a more efficient and secure alternative to the rival edge computing platform from Dell Technologies, said Vass.

    The GUI from AWS is intended to make it easier for the average IT administrator to provision Snow appliances, which previously would have been accessible only to IT professionals who had mastered the Snow CLI. AWS is even going so far as to include cartoons that demonstrate how to provision its appliances.

    While AWS clearly dominates the public cloud, it is not clear to what degree it will be able to extend that dominance to edge computing. AWS is counting on the fact that large numbers of edge computing applications will need to be tightly integrated with application workloads running on its public cloud. Providers of traditional data center platforms are also vying to become the providers of those same platforms, all of which now can be centrally managed via the cloud.

    Edge computing platforms will, of course, vary widely in size depending on the use case. However, there may come a day soon when the total number of workloads deployed at the edge exceeds the number of workloads in the cloud. The amount of compute and storage horsepower at the edge will be crucial as organizations look to deliver next-generation applications that process and analyze data real-time, especially as 5G wireless computing networks simultaneously make more network bandwidth available.

    AWS may not be the first IT vendor that comes to mind when it comes to edge computing platforms, but it is signaling its intention to be a lot more than just a provider of cloud computing services.

  • JFrog Makes Free DevOps Resources Available for COVID-19 Projects

    JFrog Makes Free DevOps Resources Available for COVID-19 Projects

    JFrog is providing free access to cloud-based DevOps tools to teams or organizations that have launched projects to actively research and fight the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Ido Green, vice president of technology for JFrog, said this initiative will be made available via its FrogCare program mainly to nonprofit organizations. The goal is to make it easier for teams launching these projects to embrace DevOps practices to more easily sustain these applications for the long term, he said.

    Thus far, JFrog is supporting a mix of short- and long-term projects that address various aspects of the pandemic, he said, adding JFrog is not so much interested in the quantity of the projects it supports as much as the merits of the research project.

    Specifically, JFrog will provide access to cloud-based tools such as Artifactory, Xray and Pipelines with no time limits. Organizations participating in the program will get 5,000 build minutes and 250GB of storage space for free each month along with 500GB of free data transfer. Those teams will also receive free support. If they exceed quotas in a given month, JFrog promises to not shut off access to its services.

    Green said JFrog is in a better position to help these projects because many of them are already using various application development tools. The modular architecture of the JFrog platform makes it easier for those teams to extend those tools using a DevOps platform that is designed to meet each team where they are in terms of application development and deployment maturity, he said.

    JFrog expects most of these applications will be accessing massive amounts of big data in the cloud, Green noted. As such, most of these applications will be built using modern cloud-native stacks of software that make it easier to scale workloads up and down as needed. Of course, many of the organizations building these applications may not have the greatest appreciation yet for best DevOps practices. However, free access to platforms such as JFrog should also make it easier for DevOps practitioners to donate their time and expertise to help build and deploy these applications. In many cases, application development projects in vertical industry segments impacted by the pandemic have been suspended or terminated altogether. In the short term at least, there should be more DevOps practitioners with some extra time on their hands.

    Longer-term, it’s also clear that health care and life sciences will emerge as hotbeds of application development and deployment for years to come. DevOps specialists who want to move into that industry sector might benefit from volunteering to work on a research project. JFrog also envisions that over time it will serve as a conduit through which multiple teams working on these projects around the globe could share insights and best practices.

    It’s not clear to what degree the COVID-19 pandemic will transform IT in general and DevOps in particular. What is certain is that the amount of focus on preventing future pandemics both inside and out of IT is creating a unique opportunity to make a unique DevOps contribution.

  • VMware Makes vRealize Automation Framework Available via the Cloud

    VMware Makes vRealize Automation Framework Available via the Cloud

    VMware this week announced it has made a software-as-a-service (SaaS) edition of its vRealize automation platform generally available.

    Taruna Gandhi, senior director for product and technical marketing at VMware, said VMware vRealize Operation Cloud will make IT automation more accessible to a broader swath of organizations that might not be able to implement IT automation on their own.

    The vRealize Operations Cloud service provides all the same capabilities as the on-premises edition of vRealize with the added benefit of being integrated with other VMware Cloud services, including VMware Cloud on AWS.

    In general, Gandhi said VMware is seeing increased adoption of IT automation frameworks occurring in three phases. In the first phase, IT teams are automating internal processes primarily for their own benefit. In the second phase, IT operations teams set up self-service portals for developers. In the third phase, organizations embrace DevOps processes to provide developers with the equivalent of a cloud computing experience spanning both on-premises and public cloud computing resources.

    Most existing VMware customers are still in the first or second phases, but over time Gandhi said VMware expects organizations to adopt DevOps practices as part of a more aggressive effort to reduce costs during the current economic downturn brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic while accelerating the rate at which applications are deployed and updated.

    The VMware vRealize Operations Cloud will play a significant role in accelerating that transition because it makes IT automation available as a service rather than a platform that needs to be deployed and maintained by an internal IT department. The beta test for vRealize Operations Cloud spanned dozens of customers that put more than 130,000 virtual machines under management across 120-plus vCenters and more than 10 VMware Cloud on AWS deployments, Gandhi said, noting the next phase will to see IT organizations begin to centralize the management of multiple cloud silos that have sprung up over the last several years within most organizations.

    There are, of course, no shortage of options these days when it comes to IT automation frameworks. VMware is making a case for vRealize as a natural extension of the VMware management tools that many organizations employ to manage VMware virtual machines that are widely used across most enterprise IT environments. VMware is now extending the reach of those tools to enable IT teams to also manage containers and even rival virtual machine platforms, noted Gandhi.

    Most of those IT organizations are now struggling to manage IT environments that have become more complex at a time when the pressure to employ higher levels of automation to rein in costs is rising sharply. It remains to be seen how IT organizations will respond to that imperative as pressure to either cap or reduce IT headcount continues to mount. Of course, not every sector of the economy is experiencing the same pressure. There are high-growth segments involving, for example, educational or entertainment services. Regardless of industry, however, it’s clear IT teams are being asked to do a lot more sooner with either the same or fewer resources.

    — Mike Vizard

  • Twilio Provides 90-Day Free Developer Access to Video Service

    Twilio Provides 90-Day Free Developer Access to Video Service

    Twilio this week announced it will make its video services available for free for three months to developers who are building applications to address COVID-19 pandemic uses cases in the health care, education and nonprofit sectors if they sign up to use the platform before June 30.

    Jesper Joergensen, general manager for voice and video at Twilio, said most of the applications being built to address the crisis benefit greatly from having video embedded in them. For example, a forms-based healthcare application could have embedded videos or include a button that would start a video chat with a healthcare professional. Alternatively, an SMS text could be used to request an appointment and also include a link to a videoconference that would enable healthcare professionals to diagnose a patient remotely. Those types of applications also could go a long way to make it simpler to navigate what are often complex healthcare procedures, noted Joergensen.

    In the education sector, Twilio is already seeing institutions building a wide range of applications that rely on video to engage students and maintain business operations, he added.

    While many applications are being built to address pressing issues, Joergensen said many applications that embed video are being built for the new normal. No one is quite sure when the COVID-19 pandemic will be over or whether it might flare up again. There also could be other pandemics in the future. Many organizations are now moving to make mobile applications that have video capabilities embedded within them a core element of their business continuity strategy, which is being updated in the wake of the pandemic, said Joergensen.

    In general, he said embedding video capabilities within an application provides more context within an application. Otherwise, the end user needs to move off the application to launch a separate videoconferencing platform.

    Twilio makes it easier for developers to embed video within an application using a software development kit for either Apple iOS or Google Android devices. The SDK allows developers to invoke Twilio application programming interfaces (APIs) to access the Twilio Video service running on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) public cloud. While organizations that build these applications don’t necessarily need to master best DevOps practices to build and roll them out, Joergensen said organizations that have embraced DevOps typically have the agile development skills needed to quickly build and test COVID-19 applications.

    In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, online video has gone mainstream. Once the pandemic subsides there will be a much higher level of comfort with online video for a wide range of processes ranging from telemedicine to tax preparation. Applications that don’t embed video capabilities will appear antiquated by comparison. Video now has a major role to play in simplifying the customer journey, noted Joergensen.

    It may take a while for organizations to adjust to the new normal once the current pandemic subsides, but it’s clear online video has finally been pushed across the proverbial chasm of adoption.

    — Mike Vizard

  • New Relic Extends Reach and Scope of AI Capabilities

    New Relic Extends Reach and Scope of AI Capabilities

    New Relic this week announced it has extended the capabilities within its New Relic AI module to include support for additional data sources and provide access to more advanced analytics.

    Integrations with Splunk, Grafana, Prometheus and Amazon CloudWatch are now provided along with support for a number of incident management platforms, including ServiceNow, OpsGenie and VictorOps. New Relic AI previously provided support for the incident management platform from PagerDuty.

    DevOps teams can also surface more details about anomalies, including attributes that caused spikes, related signals to investigate root cause by looking at what happened around the anomaly and view upstream and downstream dependencies.

    Guy Fighel, general manager and group vice president for New Relic, said these and other capabilities being added to extend the capabilities of a monitoring platform that as a software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform provides a natural focal point applying machine learning algorithms to the massive amounts of data required to inform an AI engine.

    Other new capabilities being added to the platform include the ability to infuse correlations with decision logic to drive custom decisions and greater transparency into why and how correlations are performed.

    New Relic AI has also been enhanced to reduce the number of extraneous alerts that might be generated in addition to providing insights into the rate of total incidents correlated, total correlated issues, rate of noise reduction and the most common reasons why incidents are correlated. New Relic AI also provides access to a configurable set of filters to specify a grace period for each issue priority.

    Fighel said the goal is to make it possible to continuously evaluates telemetry data for anomalies and then share those insights via existing collaboration tools. To accomplish that goal, New Relic AI ingests multiple data types, including alerts, logs, metrics and deployment events.

    New Relic doesn’t see AI replacing the need for IT teams anytime soon. Rather, Fighel said AI will augment existing IT staff in a way that enables them to determine the root cause of any issue faster. Monitoring tools accessed via the cloud make an ideal platform for infusing AI into a service where data already reside, said Fighel. In contrast, other platforms require IT teams to aggregate massive amounts of data to enable an AI model to be trained.

    There’s naturally a high degree of skepticism when it comes to applying AI to IT management, but Fighel said it’s only a matter of time before AI capabilities are taken for granted. In fact, as IT environments continue to become more complex and there is an increased focus on driving down IT costs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s now only a matter of time before AI technologies become more widely adopted.

    In the meantime, DevOps teams should expect many of the rote tasks they need to perform today to become increasingly automated. That might make some members of the IT team uncomfortable, but before long most IT professionals won’t really miss aspects of their jobs that today are little more than pure drudgery.

    — Mike Vizard

  • Pinpoint Unveils Dashboard for Multiple DevOps Platforms

    Pinpoint Unveils Dashboard for Multiple DevOps Platforms

    Pinpoint today launched a namesake operations dashboard for software development teams designed to span multiple tools and platforms.

    Company CEO Jeff Haynie said the Pinpoint dashboard provides a holistic view of software development projects in a way that eliminates the need to open tabs in multiple management consoles for each tool and platform that make up a DevOps toolchain. IT leaders can employ a single issue workflow dashboard to track activity in real-time as it occurs within commonly employed DevOps platforms such as Jira, Azure Team Foundation Server (TFS), GitLab, GitHub and Bitbucket, he said.

    DevOps teams can drill down into the specifics of an issue or pull request more easily to view workflows spanning multiple platforms from a single console, Haynie said. Previously, he noted, DevOps teams either had to create and maintain these integrations themselves to create a common console or log into multiple management tools that made it difficult to correlate data and events occurring across multiple platforms.

    Haynie said Pinpoint expects most organizations to employ its software to identify bottlenecks in the software development process. Pinpoint has also embedded models based on machine learning algorithms to forecast where issues might arise based on the number of developers working on projects, organizational history and projected deadlines.

    The goal is to make sure the organization is not simply writing more code faster but is writing the right code at the right time to make certain application development projects stay on course, noted Haynie.

    Providers of various DevOps platforms have been investing in similar tools of late but Haynie noted each of those offerings is optimized for a specific platform. The Pinpoint dashboard can be integrated with any platform to provide much-needed visibility into complex workflows spanning a wide range of tools and platforms, he said.

    Visibility into those projects has never been more critical in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many organizations are trying to accelerate application development projects as part of an effort to incorporate nascent projects into much larger business continuity strategies that rely on digital business processes. As such, the feasibility of completing an application development project by a specific date has become a matter of intense debate within some organizations.

    Of course, some organizations may employ the visibility enabled by Pinpoint to run roughshod over developers. However, Haynie said Pinpoint expects most organizations will employ Pinpoint to foster collaboration versus simply focusing on delivery dates. One of the biggest issues with software engineering from a business perspective is that it’s been a “black box” that has made it difficult for organizations to plan, he noted.

    There are undoubtedly levels of frustration both inside and out of application development teams, given all the dependencies that now exist between projects. Many issues could be avoided if, for example, someone just realized that one project needed some additional developers to meet a deadline that needs to be met before other projects could get off the ground. It’s too early to say what impact lifting the shroud that surrounds software development might have on businesses as a whole, but at the very least there should be much greater appreciation among everyone involved for what it really takes to bring an application to fruition.

    — Mike Vizard