Software development is all about speed and efficiency. That’s why continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) have become a fundamental part of software engineering, as they empower developers to deploy rapid updates to end users without disruption.
In simple terms, CI/CD is an automated set of practices for securely and reliably delivering software. CI/CD benefits businesses with faster release cycles, reduced errors and fewer inefficiencies. However, while commonly applied to application code, the ability to deploy CI/CD in databases is lagging. This results in manual deployment that strains developers with unmanageable amounts of coding to be deployed.
This strain negatively impacts development timelines and the developers’ experience. So, how can developers use CI/CD to improve their database software deployment process, and where should they begin?
Understanding CI/CD for Databases
Characteristically less mature than CI/CD for application code, CI/CD for databases enables developers to manage schema updates such as changes to table structures and relationships. This management ability means developers can execute software updates to applications quickly and continuously without disrupting database users. It also helps improve quality and governance, creating a pipeline everyone follows.
The CI stage typically involves developers working on code simultaneously, helping to fix bugs and address integration issues in the initial testing process. With the help of automation, businesses can move faster, with fewer dependencies and errors and greater accuracy — especially when backed up by automated testing and validation of database changes. Human intervention is not needed, resulting in fewer hours spent on change management. Developer productivity skyrockets and quick rollback and audit tracking the changes brings peace of mind in those rare instances when something needs to be undone.
The CD stage picks up after initial testing and delivers the above database changes to a production environment before integrating with the application code. This development stage relies on a seamless hand-off between environments, which often means that the rhythm breaks when environment sync issues occur and developer frustration grows. CD can help avoid this issue by keeping the feedback cycle small and automating and standardizing the process. In turn, CD ensures consistency and optimum synchronization between teams.
Overcoming Challenges in Database CI/CD
Managing databases in a CI/CD pipeline requires overcoming several unique challenges to ensure the process creates solutions, not problems, for development teams. These challenges include:
- Managing schema changes and data migrations: Managing schema changes and data migrations without disrupting applications can be difficult — and organizations must ensure that database changes do not impact the data or the overall state of the system.
- Handling dependencies between application code and database changes: Changes in one database can directly impact the other. Therefore, businesses must effectively manage dependencies — such as database migration scripts, database seedings and deployment strategies — and have watertight version control.
- Ensuring data integrity and minimizing downtime during deployments: One method to minimize downtime is to treat application code and database code as one. Not breaking these into different components means that CI/CD can shine and set teams up to deploy a full application, from compute to application code to database changes, in a single pipeline.
- Addressing security concerns with automated database deployments: There are always concerns about new processes, particularly automated ones. To ensure uptake is as smooth and well governed as possible, developers must invest time in outlining the system and its benefits and debunk concerns such as unauthorized access and a lack of oversight.
Best Practices for CI/CD in Database Development
To ensure the CI/CD database development process is resilient against these challenges, teams can adhere to these best practices:
- Establish a standardized Git structure for database code: Establishing a standardized Git structure can help improve the developer experience with environment configurations, object-level versioning and well-governed and standardized processes.
- Create a standard set of data scenarios: Developers can safely test changes without affecting the production environment through temporary testing environments. These environments can confirm that the code behaves as expected when it reaches production.
- Implement version control and change management for database objects: Version control and change management are essential. Tools like GitHub and Artifactory allow organizations to manage and collaborate on different versions of their code, ensuring that only tested and approved versions deploy to production and that all changes are tracked.
- Use automated testing frameworks for database changes: This step can reduce the friction between database changes and enable faster and standardized feedback, which in turn can reduce debugging time, improve quality, and lessen developer strain.
- Continuous monitoring and feedback loops to improve the CI/CD process: In addition to recording metrics like failure rate and time to production, teams should be encouraged to feed back into the process as a whole. This way, they can ensure that what they had on day one has evolved to meet their needs.
What the Future Holds for Developers
Deploying CI/CD for databases empowers developers to focus on what they do best: Building better applications. Businesses today should decide when, not if, they plan to implement these practices.
For development leaders looking to start deploying CI/CD in databases, standardization — such as how certain things are named and organized — is a solid first step and can set the stage for automation in the future. The earlier businesses get on board, the better.
The outlook of CI/CD in database development is exciting, with bigger providers such as Snowflake and Databricks prioritizing developer experience with CI/CD. Every day, CI/CD features and tooling are evolving to become more intelligent, more integrated and more automated — whether through AI/ML, granular feedback tools, advanced rollback mechanisms or something else.
With such an enormous push from providers to evolve CI/CD for databases, companies should strive to be part of this development and ensure their developers — and their software — are in a prime position to benefit.