devopsy.kinsta.cloud

Author: Prashanth Nanjundappa

  • SRE Vs. DevOps: The Wrong Question?

    SRE Vs. DevOps: The Wrong Question?

    The age-old question about the competition between DevOps and SRE sets up a false dichotomy. DevOps is a methodology while SRE is a team within operations. Although the two are often pitted against one another, developers also embody the skills and the capabilities to implement fixes. 

    Traditionally, application changes were reactive. The process of SRE formalizes problem resolution playbooks for better efficiency within the development life cycle. This has changed substantially over the past few years with DevOps seeing more traction and mainstream adoption.

    So what is the modern relationship between DevOps and SRE and how can they best be used together? Let’s understand DevOps first.

    Defining DevOps 

    According to Chef’s Embrace DevOps guide, DevOps is about transforming the way companies run; part of that transformation is understanding that companies should focus on managing people rather than products. DevOps evolved over the last decade and was originally born into the world of software. The adoption of cloud technologies, changes in the tech stack architecture, SaaS platforms, and security regulations have all impacted DevOps culture

    Some of the fundamentals of modern DevOps are:

    Everything-as-code: The current state of IT architecture has adopted an “everything-as-code” approach. Infrastructure, configuration, compliance and security can all be transformed into code.

    Automate everything: Codifying everything enables standardization of processes and policies across the organization. The processes are simplified into repeatable functional code, and this makes it easier to automate the development and deployment processes while significantly reducing human errors.

    Validation: There are many tools used for continuous integration, delivery and deployment in addition to other tools used for maintaining infrastructure and compliance. Without validation, there would be no way to know if everything is functioning as needed and it would be difficult to ensure seamless delivery in a highly agile environment.

    Above all, teams adopting DevOps methodologies take end-to-end responsibility of managing the application development life cycle (develop, deploy and maintain). They bridge the responsibilities gap between Dev and Ops into one team. 

    SRE Focus Areas 

    Successful site reliability engineering (SRE) teams focus on the volume of performance metrics and the process of shifting left the responsibility for managing and mitigating risk. Fundamentally, they share the same values as developers in creating efficient applications. However, SRE teams focus on introducing efficiencies based on incidents that occur and sometimes need development teams’ intervention to shift the risk left in the product development cycle. 

    Troubleshooting is one of the main responsibilities of SRE teams since they have to manage incidents. As a result, SRE teams have a strong knowledge of product design which is essential for product reliability, rollouts and reducing recovery time. Scalable automation is also a big part of the challenge SRE teams face. Oftentimes, tasks are done manually and this can increase the likelihood of human error. A solution is implementing a policy-as-code approach in concert with developer teams.

    It should be noted that when it comes to the responsibility and scope of work between SRE and DevOps, the lines are blurred—especially with the proliferation of APIs and when evaluating microservices. The types of tools being used are a differentiator since SRE teams measure efficiency through monitoring, detection and incident reporting systems. 

    Breaking the Silos 

    Modern organizations will fail when divided into silos. Developers understand that to optimize their internal processes, they need to use a DevOps methodology and involve SRE teams. For example, a startup growing and looking to scale needs development teams that are performing SRE functions with strong operational knowledge. It requires buy-in and understanding of every team member to know their role and the needs of the organization as it grows and responsibilities shift. 

    These fundamental values are crucial for an enterprise looking to achieve an efficient CI/CD pipeline. In a reactive cycle, SRE teams step in and are responsible for some parts of operations, but the DevOps paradigm is different because it integrates the responsibility of deployment, monitoring and remediation throughout the entire team. 

    Organizations embracing DevOps practices should embrace SREs’ expertise and welcome their practices into developer teams. SREs can leverage automation to fix issues as they occur and also make changes in software architecture to avoid such issues in the future. Compared to the reactive approach, developer teams are incentivized to keep things constantly running. 

    Scaling DevOps practices requires shared responsibility. Of note, developers have to answer when the phone rings and this can cause chaos in engineering teams responsible for large enterprise-grade applications with fast time-to-market and frequent update cycles.

    A Modern Perspective

    Efficiency is a core value shared by both SRE teams and the DevOps methodology. When organizations can fully integrate operations within the DevOps cycle, those silos can be broken down and integrate a shift left mentality. The traditional reactive remediation cycles won’t cut it anymore. Proactivity is essential for today’s lightning-fast application needs and continuous updates. 

    Application problems can be addressed immediately when approached with modern tooling and a policy-as-code approach enabling developers and SREs teams to work together. The modern relationship between DevOps and SRE teams should be one of coexistence. Both are needed for successful scalability within the enterprise. Many once thought SRE teams and developers couldn’t coexist in harmony, but debunking that myth helps organizations optimize their collaboration efforts. 

  • Managing Endpoint Compliance-as-Code

    Managing Endpoint Compliance-as-Code

    The rapid pace of modern software delivery and increasing fleet sizes have transformed how organizations see and handle security strategies. Compliance-as-code is required for today’s organizations that need security as a fundamental part of business processes. It is no longer possible to manually manage compliance with dedicated security teams.

    Balancing security with growing infrastructure needs means IT security and compliance are non-negotiable. There is no room for more uncomfortable trade-offs between risk and an organization’s ability to deliver market-ready solutions quickly and efficiently.

    Complying with growing security and compliance regulations in today’s world of rapid innovation is a constant challenge that affects all organizations, large and small. Organizations are implementing automated solutions to eliminate reliance on traditional, slow, error-prone manual processes because of tighter regulations in the industry and greater risks associated with security attacks and compliance violations.

    What is Managing Endpoint Compliance-as-Code?

    Compliance-as-code is the codification of compliance controls to automate their adherence, application and remediation. It includes the tools and practices that enable DevOps and developer teams to incorporate the three key compliance activities:

    1. Detect: Discovering non-compliance through automated estate scanning and notifying stakeholders when offending infrastructure is discovered.
    2. Remediate: Correcting non-compliance by implementing immediate infrastructure changes to ensure the highest level of compliance at scale.
    3. Automate: Avoid non-compliance by automatically verifying that planned changes comply.

    There are many important use cases for managing the compliance of endpoint state as-code including confidential data protection, detecting shadow IT resources, network security, data exposed to public access and code licensing compliance.

    The Importance of Compliance-As-Code

    Most organizations still struggle to stay secure and comply with regulatory standards. Many organizations lack visibility across heterogeneous infrastructure and applications. They also possess inconsistent language for communicating requirements between development, security and operations (dev, sec and ops) teams and are unable to remediate findings.

    Compliance-as-code enforces a comprehensive compliance strategy that involves a robust set of controls; for example, managing data storage locations and access control management.

    Ensuring that these are followed at scale is critical to the success of a digital business as more organizations shift to the cloud, there are more possibilities of non-compliance. Reports suggest that a regulatory compliance violation can cost businesses $15 million on average.

    This violation is avoidable if DevOps, development and DevSecOps teams can automate compliance by adopting a different mindset and writing understandable code. The adoption of the “as-code” strategy led to infrastructure-as-code (IaC) which is one of the success factors in DevOps teams. Audits are streamlined and allow individuals to focus on higher-value activities.

    The Challenges of Managing a Fleet Through Compliance-as-Code

    Managing a fleet through compliance-as-code is not without its challenges. First, teams must bridge the talent gap as endpoint compliance is typically managed by IT admins, who are not inherently comfortable with an as-code approach.

    Typically, compliance requirements are dense and difficult to comprehend by other stakeholders. Understanding the compliance requirements of the organization and collaborating with other stakeholders to convert them to as-code is the biggest hurdle to getting started.

    Developer teams must find the right set of tools and integrate them into DevOps and DevSecOps workflows. This is not just a process change but a culture change. A boil the ocean approach will not just be painful but success will be close to impossible. Taking small steps and continuously improving is the mindset one has to adopt.

    Visibility Throughout the Ecosystem

    Whether you are talking about end-user devices like desktops, laptops or mobile devices or non-server edge devices like point of sale (POS) or IoT devices, endpoint devices are extremely vulnerable to exploitation from bad actors. Thus, it is necessary for organizations to bring them under the organization’s security policy and governance requirements just like server-side devices.

    There are a number of advantages to adopting an endpoint compliance-as-code approach:

    • Users can easily understand what is going on across the organization in terms of compliance status at any time.
    • The organization can keep an audit log of everything that occurred throughout the development life cycle and calculate an appropriate risk acknowledgment rating.
    • Organizations can evaluate any deviations from fundamental compliance requirements.

    The Continued Prioritization of Compliance-as-Code

    Managing diverse IT infrastructure fleets through compliance-as-code ensures that endpoint devices meet a variety of security standards. The IT team is empowered to create rules that can enforce compliance and establish security baseline standards within the organization. Compliance checks are validated and more visible at each stage of the software development life cycle.

    This guarantees detailed visibility and thorough compliance standards throughout the IT ecosystem.